There seems to be this prevalent idea that
women's sexual orientation is fluid and changeable while men are more likely to
fall strongly into a category and stick to it. I would argue that this
phenomenon is being taken out of context of the place which women have in the
world and the expectations of them therein. Women are, across the world, given
a sense that although (in some cultures) it is important to gain an education
and employment, they will ultimately have failed if they cannot "catch a
man".
There are many industries devoted to
teaching young girls to wear makeup and dress in ways which will make them
attractive to boys, and even more devoted to making sure that grown women can fulfil
their ultimate destiny of finding their perfect man (through fashion, diet and
examples of perfect women as portrayed in media). I would argue that while men
may feel similar pressures to find a mate, they are not taught that this is
their main path to fulfilment as a human being. It appears to me that for men,
education, hobbies and careers are presented as routes to success. Examples of
this can be seen on toy shop shelves; boys play with building blocks, plastic
animals, educational/scientific toys, toys involving skill, and weapons; while
girls toys are largely "homemaking" items such as dolls, pretend
makeup, dressing up items and play cooking items. An example from adult life
might be seen in the 'section headings' on news websites; there will generally
be links to articles relating to World Events, Tech, Current Affairs, etc and a
section of its own for 'Women', containing news about fashion, children, and
exciting changes in the world of panty-liners.
In this world where from an early age one
is deeply ingrained (through everything from the toys available to play with,
the television programs you watch, the people you see around you, magazines you
read, films you see etc) with the sense that, whatever you do with your life
until that point, ultimately you will be unfulfilled without your "perfect
man", it must be extremely difficult to be a gay woman. If you are taught
all your life that all you should want is a man, it may take some time to
realise that men just don't get you off. Further cementing the confusion, women
are actually expected to be sexually
unfulfilled in their relationships: It is common knowledge that "women
quickly lose interest in sex in relationships", "women will pretend
to have headaches to avoid sex", "women often find it difficult to
have orgasms", etc. So if a gay woman has always had relationships with
men, and has always felt unfulfilled, she may believe that this is normal and
to be expected.
In the world of men, however, where one is
taught so much more to seek fulfilment through building, creating and learning,
it may be easier (although by no means easy!) to be confident in your sexual
identity. If, as a man, you have sexual relationships with men, although there
are certain types of people who will be upset by this, you have by no means cut
yourself off from reaching what society perceives as success. You can be successful in the eyes of
society (in your work, as a creator of things or a thinker or thoughts, or as a
happy person) and be in a gay relationship.
An interesting area which I have not yet
explored here is the idea that it is seen as acceptable for otherwise straight
women to "experiment" with sex with other women, while men are seen
as less likely to do this. Firstly I would argue that straight men are the
target demographic for much media, and so the apparent prevalence of
"college lesbians" and lack of "college gay men" can easily
be explained by the fact that we are merely shown more 'sexy teenage girls'
kissing one another in mainstream media in order to target the male audience.
Secondly, I believe that many bisexual men are largely dismissed as gay men in
denial, while bisexual women are dismissed as straight women who are attempting
to look alluring; drawing attention to their own sexuality by engaging in
sexual activity with another woman i.e. engaging in a safe sexual activity
while not actually allowing themselves to be penetrated (without allowing
themselves to be broken/sullied/ruined).
What it seems to come down to here is the
act of penetration: If a man has penetrated another man or been penetrated, he
is considered to be gay, whereas a woman cannot penetrate another woman with a
penis and so if she has sex with a woman, society questions whether she has
engaged in sexual activity at all. It may be considered to be 'safe' sexual
activity; practice for the real thing- little more than masturbation.
Awesome article Imogen!
ReplyDeleteI'd never thought about the sociological reasons women would be more unlikely to identify themselves as homosexual - I found it surprising enough to find out about political lesbianism!
I think people generally want things to be black and white, with people labelled as either GENETICALLY GAY, STRAIGHT BY CHOICE, or whatever when things aren't that simple in reality
This Guardian article shows exactly what I'm talking about: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/nov/20/is-there-a-gay-gene